13th century[edit]
- 1209 King John excommunicated by Pope Innocent III
- 1215 Signing of the Magna Carta
- 1216 Death of King John, Henry III accedes to the throne of England
- 1237 Border between Scotland and England established by the Treaty of York
- 1240 Death of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, prince of Wales; Dafydd ap Llywelyn accedes to the throne of Gwynedd
- 1246 Death of Dafydd ap Llywelyn; Llywelyn ap Gruffudd accedes to the throne of Gwynedd (he does not claim the title of prince of Wales until 1258)
- 1249 Death of Alexander II, king of Scots; Alexander III accedes to the throne of Scotland
- 1263 Battle of Largs, an inconclusive battle fought between Haakon IV of Norway and the Scots
- 1264 Simon de Montfort leads rebel English barons to defeat Henry III at the Battle of Lewes
- 1266 Scotland and Norway sign the Treaty of Perth under which Scottish control of the Western Isles is acknowledged
- 1267 Henry III of England recognises the authority of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in Wales
- 1272 Death of Henry III, Edward I accedes to the English throne
- 1277 England annexes Wales, a state of affairs which lasted until 1283
- 1279 Statute of Mortmain
- 1282 Death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales; Dafydd ap Gruffudd accedes to the throne of Gwynedd
- 1283 Death of Dafydd ap Gruffudd; English conquest of Wales
- 1287 Revolt of Rhys ap Maredudd in Wales
- 1294 Revolt of Madog ap Llywelyn in Wales
- 1297 William Wallace and the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge
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