19TH CENTURY

19th century[edit]

Year	Date	Event
1801	9 February	War of the Second Coalition: The Treaty of Lunéville was signed after the victory of the French Republic against the Second Coalition states (led by the Austrian and Russian Empires), marking the end of the war with only Britain left fighting France.
1802	25 March	War of the Second Coalition: The Treaty of Amiens established a peace between France and the United Kingdom.
1803	2 May	Louisiana Purchase: France sold Louisiana to the United States of America, renouncing its last territorial possessions on continentalNorth America.
	18 November	Battle of Vertières: The viscount of Rochambeau was defeated and forced to surrender to the revolutionary army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
1804	1 January	Haitian Revolution: Dessalines declared the independence of Haiti.
	18 May	Napoleon was declared Emperor by the Senate, marking the beginning of the First French Empire and the end of the French Consulate.
	2 December	Napoleon crowned himself Emperor in Notre-Dame de Paris. Napoleon had Pope Pius VII in attendance to indicate approval of the Church.
1805	2 December	War of the Third Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive Battle of Austerlitz which marks the end of the Third Coalition (Austria, Russia, United Kingdom, Sweden and others) against France and its client states.
1806	12 July	Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire, and created the Confederation of the Rhine, a union of French client states composed of 16 states in present-day Germany.
1807	14 June	War of the Fourth Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive Battle of Friedland which marks the end of the Fourth Coalition (mainly Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) against France and its client states.
1808	2 May	Beginning of the Peninsular War which will last until Napoleon's defeat against the Sixth Coalition in 1814.
1809	5 July	War of the Fifth Coalition: The French Empire is victorious at the decisive Battle of Wagram which marks the end of the Fifth Coalition (mainly the Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom) against France and its client states. (to 6 July)
1812	14 September	War of the Sixth Coalition: The Fire of Moscow marks the beginning of French retreat after the French invasion of Russia. The First French Empire reached the height of its power and declined henceforth with the disastrous Battle of Berezina. The Sixth Coalition will go on to win the war and Napoleon will be exiled in Elba.
1813	26–27 August	Battle of Dresden, took place around Dresden, Germany, resulting in a French victory under Napoleon against forces of the Sixth Coalition of Austrians, Russians and Prussians under Field Marshal Schwartzenberg. However, Napoleon's victory was not as complete as it could have been. Substantial pursuit was not undertaken after the battle, and the flanking corps was surrounded and forced to surrender a few days later at the Battle of Kulm.
1813	16–19 October	Battle of Leipzig, 600,000 soldiers are involved in the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I. Coalition routs the French.
1814	24 April	First Restoration: The House of Bourbon was briefly restored with Louis XVIII as King of France in an intermediate period of theNapoleonic Wars.
1815	18 June	Hundred Days: Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon is defeated by Seventh Coalition armies, definitively ending the First French Empire and theNapoleonic Wars, and marks the start of almost half a century of peace throughout Europe.
1815	7 July	Second Restoration: With Napoleon exiled in Saint Helena, the House of Bourbon was again restored. Louis XVIII became King of France until his death on 16 September 1824.
1821	5 May	Death of Napoleon.
1823	April	French invasion of Spain: France started its invasion of Spain, eventually succeeding and restoring the monarchy, ending the Liberal Triennium.
1830	July	July Revolution or French Revolution of 1830: the conservative House of Bourbon is overthrown and replaced by the more liberal Orleans Monarchy with Louis-Philippe becoming King of France.
	3 February	End of the Greek War of Independence; Greece wins their independence when Russia, France and Britain finally agree on the terms of the Treaty of London
1831	22 November	First Canut revolt: first clearly defined worker uprising of the Industrial Revolution.
1832	5 June	June Rebellion: Unsuccessful Anti-monarchist insurrection in Paris.
1839	9 March	Pastry War: Victorious French troops withdraw from Mexico after their demands were satisfied.
1848	February	February Revolution or French Revolution of 1848: Republican riots forced King Louis-Philippe to abdicate and flee to England.
	20 December	Louis Napoleon Bonaparte starts his term as the first president of the French Republic.
		European Revolutions of 1848
1851	2 December	Exactly one year after his coup d'état, president Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becomes Napoleon III of France, ending the Second Republic and creating the Second French Empire with him as dictator.
1853-1856	28 March	Crimean War: France and Britain formally declared war on Russia.
1860		Following the Franco-Sardinian victory over the Austrian Empire in the Second Italian War of Independence, Italian regions of Nice andSavoy were transferred to the French Empire as a reward.
	18 October	Second Opium War: British and French troops entered the Forbidden City in Beijing.
1866	31 May	French intervention in Mexico: French troops start withdrawing from the country.
1870-1940		Third Republic
1871	10 May	The end of the Franco-Prussian War: France's loss marked the downfall of Napoleon III and led to the end of the Second French Empire. The Third Republic was subsequently declared and Napoleon III went into exile in the United Kingdom until his death.
	26 March	The Paris Commune was declared and lasted 2 months before being violently suppressed by the French army.
	31 August	Adolphe Thiers began his term as president of France.
1873	24 May	Patrice de Mac-Mahon began his term as president of France.
1879	30 January	Jules Grévy began his term as president of France.
1887	28 January	Work begins on the foundations of the Eiffel Tower.
	3 December	Marie François Sadi Carnot began his term as president of France.
1888	20 March	First Stage of the Eiffel Tower is completed.
	21 August	Second Stage of the Eiffel Tower is completed.
1889	15 May	The Eiffel Tower is opened to the public.
	26 May	The Eiffel Tower lifts begin service.
1894	4 January	The Franco-Russian Alliance was confirmed.
	27 June	Jean Casimir-Perier began his term as president of France.
	November	The Dreyfus affair begins, creating a scandal which will mobilize intellectuals and divide the French population for a decade.
1895	17 January	Félix Faure began his term as president of France.
1899	18 February	Émile Loubet began his term as president of France.